The Nuiances of Reflection Essay for English Class

The Nuiances of Reflection Essay for English Class Reflection Essay for English Class Ideas Sometimes you try to do your best and even then you're not able to score well in your home tasks. You're working because you've got zero selection. A good deal of the moment, it will help to break down each process into subsections. When you own a purpose, nobody can take that from you. What's Really Happening with Reflection Essay for English Class The introduction portion of the essay is followed by the body section, that is the major part of the paper. Everyone has the capacity to compose the ideal essay. The ideal thing about us is that each time you can buy original essay papers for sale. Then the ideal approach is place a request I want to acquire essay papers written. The research paper ought to be interesting to read from the start to the end. The duration of the essay is usually dependent on the difficulty and number of steps it takes. This sample is just meant to help you write your own process essay. English essay samples require in order to be thoroughly analyzed and understood for the youthful student before trying to compose his magnum opus. Things You Won't Like About Reflection Essay for English Class and Things You Will Provided that the aim is reached, the assessment does not need to be fixed. In the span of time you will enhance your classes, and when you compose it for the very first time, you will learn to quickly remove it. There are a couple things I do feel I lack the confidence and skill to do, and that is precisely what I aspire to gain from participating in Capstone. A good example of my personal meditative growth has arrived from everyday living for a freshman. Choosing Reflection Essay for English Class As the last paragraph is represents your very last opportunity to create your case and, being such, should stick to an extremely rigid format. Moreover, a couple of hours of class time will want to get allocated so as to present the collages. View our site provides a completely free scrawl after which they could use their redaction to create the acceptable amendments that delivers dependable and comprehensive feedback. Some can take a couple minutes while some take months or perhaps even years to finish. When you talk to a client do not assume they understand much of what you need to offer you. You're the master of your domain and you're ultimately in charge of your happiness. With the introduction of digital tools, an array of media options are readily available to utilize for learning. Software English writing software will stop you when you're redaction your documents. Our writers always create unique content that is totally free from all grammatical error. Her idea proved to be a financial literacy eLearning platform named MeVest. The reader should know this and it's your job as the writer to paint the correct picture in their opinion. He should be able to gather the vital information at one go, hence it needs to be clear and unambiguous. The Reflection Essay for English Class Game Tomorrow you'll see a couple more points to speak about and think of additional methods to say things. Your customer may opt not to go with the bigger project after counting the extra expenses. One of many reasons are environment is polluted is due to household waste. Imagine the pressure of knowing that in case you forget a day of work or whether you get sick, you might be unable to eat or pay your rent. What Does Reflection Essay for English Class Mean? Words tell a whole lot more than a story. Now proceed to compose the ending. Reverse the sequence, then e arn a poem. The Hidden Secret of Reflection Essay for English Class It's not made for learning but just for a brief reflection. People today cruise about and honk to discover the closest spot to the mall's entrance. Starting over was painful but a lot of the time it was really well worth it. Begin a poem in the manner in which you're most comfortable with. It's this very reason religion plays an important role in influencing entire families. The truth is that no matter in which you turn, religion is a significant portion of culture and influences everyone on some level. On the flip side, there is not any denying that religions still play a valued role for the majority of people on Earth. Though there are lots of religions which are still practiced in the planet, it is crucial to find out what role they play in culture and thinking. With teachings like the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, individuals can start to find out what truly matters in their very own dai ly lives. If you're likely to use words to make certain that the public will have the ability to match the kind of your paper. 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McDonalds Ethical Responsibility - 1358 Words

McDonald’s: Ethical Responsibility Small business owners of fortune 500 companies, democrats, republicans, men and women all have ethical responsibilities that should always be considered. Mc Donald’s is a well-known restaurant around the world. Some people enjoy this fast food restaurant and also have made Mc Donald’s one of the leading fast food companies. Although, Mc Donald may have some tasty food, there are still many critics that think Mc Donald’s may have a lot of ethical issues and company violations. Some consider being ethical is simply defined as knowing the difference between what is considered good and evil. However, ethics is defined as moral principles that govern a person’s or group’s behavior, and the practices that†¦show more content†¦Seeing that Mc Donald’s operation was moving fast and effective, the soon to be franchisee, Ray Kroc, wanted in. McDonald’s met with Ray Kroc and as a salesman he sold milk shake mixers and offered him a dream of opening a McDonald’s. After agreeing to allow Mr. Kroc to open more franchises in different locations, the rest was history. The Ray Kroc Story states that, â€Å"Ray Kroc wanted to build a restaurant system that would be famous for food of consistently high quality and uniform methods of preparation. He wanted to serve burgers, buns, fries and beverages that tasted just the same in Alaska as they did in Alabama (Kroc, 2009).† Ethics Issues: McDonald’s Corporation has been growing and spreading internationally for the past three decades. Although McDonald’s seems convenient, cheap and clean, there are many negative aspects of the business. McDonald’s has a long history of terrible labor practices. Employees working for McDonalds are usually forced to work for low pay and long hours with little to no benefits, employees who work on major holidays like Thanksgiving and Christmas are not paid overtime. Unfair wages is a widespread problem for McDonald’s workers year-round. The work environment is usually unsanitary and unhealthy for employees and negatively impacting other cultures, the unethical practices of this large fast food corporation are known but do not seem to detract from theShow MoreRelatedCsr Mcdonalds1534 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are the strengths, limitations and challenges of ethical and socially responsible business practice? Discuss with reference to case studies of your choi ce (1200-1500 words). This essay will analyse the strengths, limitations and challenges of ethical and socially responsible business practice. The purpose of this essay is to identify the advantages and limitations of following business ethics and act socially responsible in business operations. In order to help me analyse those furtherRead MoreMcdonald s Strength And Weakness1280 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract McDonalds is considered to be the world’s largest and most globally known fast food restaurant, which serves approximately 69 million consumers daily. This report will evaluate McDonald’s strength and weakness in terms of their ethical claims. The main aim of this report is to consider the reasons why McDonalds has been criticized by most of its consumers in terms of its pollution to its environment and the destruction natural rain forest, furthermore this report will discuss the nutritionRead MoreEthical Challenges Faced By Mcdonald s1338 Words   |  6 PagesEthical challenges faced by McDonald’s Introduction Globalization and industrialization has influenced international business and ethics to consider a different approach to culture. There are certain perspectives to culture which demand change in the organizational and managerial functions. International companies today formulate separate business plans to strategically overcome cultural and ethical challenges in host countries. Globalization has internationally integrated the world with respectRead MoreThe Pyramid Of Corporate Social Responsibility1262 Words   |  6 Pages It’s the responsibility of the top managers in an organization/business to conduct the business in accordance with the intent to follow all the company guidelines. In fact, this would allow the organization to make as much money as possible while maintain the basic rules of society, both of the embodied of the law and those of the ethical custom. In today’s business world any corporations who spend shareholder’s money if they invested any money in their company would be face with penalties and chargesRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility Group Paper1344 Words   |  6 Pages MGMT 2130 (Section 002) Corporate Social Responsibility Group Paper Brenda Lang Marisa Arnholtz, Kyla Mackie, Cassidy Makus October 19, 2015 â€Æ' Corporate Social Responsibility Group Paper In 1955, the McDonald’s franchise was established by Ray Kroc. Since then, it has been a growing success in the food and drink industry, directly and indirectly employing over 200,000 people throughout Canada. (McDonald’s, 2015, para. 2). McDonald’s is generating nearly $4.5 billion in the local annualRead MoreEthical Issues Facing McDonalds1772 Words   |  7 PagesProblem/Issue Identification Ethical Issues Facing McDonalds McDonalds puts in a lot of effort in supporting children with severe diseases. However, the diet this company offers contributes to heart diseases, asthma, obesity, and likely even mad cow disease. Adults and children are getting the wrong message in the society today. For instance, around 59 of 250 hospitals house fast food restaurants. Expenditure on fast foods from McDonalds has been on the rise as years pass by. The company has beenRead MoreInternal And External Factors Affecting Mcdonalds1468 Words   |  6 PagesII (A). INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS AFFECTING MCDONALDS Due to globalization and increased competition in the fast food industry, a very complex environment is created for McDonald’s. There are various internal and external environmental factors affecting the functions of McDonald’s corporation and demands for new innovations. The factors are as follows: Internal Factors: Internal factors are the factors within the company, which affects the success and operation of business. The company canRead MoreOPM 300 Module 1 Session Long Project Essay637 Words   |  3 PagesLong Project Dr. Tu For the session long project, I will analyze one of the supply chain operations the McDonalds Corporation. I will discuss how the logistic operations enable the same quality in service no matter which restaurant you go to; and how that leads to the business strategy of this company. Ray Kroc, the founder and owner of McDonalds, once stated once stated that â€Å"He wanted to serve burgers, buns, fries and beverages that tasted just the same in Alaska as theyRead MoreMcDonald, unethical marketing?821 Words   |  4 PagesMcDonald is the largest leading multinational fast food restaurant with more than 33000 food chains worldwide in 119 countries, serving 68 millions of customers daily. Despite McDonald’s prevalent brand name under globalization, many of its marketing strategies are come into question in terms of ethnicity. In the following essay, some of those unethical issues of McDonald being criticized will be analyzed based on the values-oriented framework, which refers to the AMA Statement ofRead MoreStrengths And Strengths Of Mcdonald s1262 Words   |  6 PagesStrengths Strengths of McDonald’s in relation to its three motivation principles for a sustainable supply chain include the safe and high quality products without supply interruption.Safe and quality products go hand and hand with each other.Safe products include both the human and environmental safety aspects, and high quality products exceed the typical standards for products. Human safety from McDonald’s items include the USDA approved food standards, as well as each other country’s nationally

How to Prepare Performance Report of a Company

Questions: Task 11. Prepare a performance report for the two companies for consideration by the directors of Chelsea Plc indicating which of the two companies you consider to be abetter acquisition, the directors require an analysis of these ratios and explanation2. Indicate what other information is needed before a final decision can be madeTask 21) Calculate the annual cash flows for each of the five years.2) Using the investment appraisal methods calculate the ARR, Payback, NPV and IRR 3) Advise the client on whether this project should be accepted or rejected based on methods used above.Task 31. You are required to prepare a cash budget for the four months August to November 2014. The opening cash balance at 1 August 2014 is 15,400.2. Budgeting is one of the areas that the management are keen to improve on, could you provide an explanation of why budgeting is beneficial to a business and whatcan be done to enhance the budgeting process? Answers: Solution to the Required Task 1 1. Chelsea Plc is considering two companies Kensington (K) and Wimbledon (W) as the target companies which we are required to compare and advice which one is the better target for acquisition. There is certain profitability, activity and liquidity ratios are given for both the companies as well as the industry standards, we need to analyze all such ratios and conclude the decision. Let us discuss and analyze each ratios one by one (Bodie, et al, 2011). Return on Capital Employed is computed by dividing the net operating profit with the employed capital. It denotes the profit earned for each of capital employed in the company. The more the profits for the company the better it is so the higher the ROCE ratio the better it is for the company. Here the industry average given for this ratio is 20 whereas the W (28) has higher of this ratio from both industry as well as of Ks (22) (Burns and Morris, 2014). Therefore both the company is better off but W is more profitable. (Return On Capital Employed) Return on equity is a profitability ratio from the investors point of view since it is the ratio of the net income earned from the shareholders fund. It reflects the efficiency of the company to use the shareholders money and earn profit from it. In this ratio also W has higher ratio then both K and Industry thus it is in better position (Cao, 2011). Acquiring W will help Chelsea gain more confidence from investors since they will have sense of security that there fund is utilized in creating shareholders wealth and not destroying it. (Return on equity ratio) Gross profit and Net Profit ratios are the ratios computed by dividing the respective profits by the sales. This ratio reflects the percentage of profit earned on certain level of sales. Here in the given case study gross and net profit ratio of K is better than industrys average but of W is worst which denotes that profitability of W is lower when compared to that of K. It may be due to mismanagement or unnecessary expenditures which can be corrected by Chelsea after acquisition. Therefore we can say that analyzing the profitability ratios Wimbledon is better target firm. (Gross Profit Ratio) (Net Profit Ratio) Total Asset Turnover ratio indicates Net sales divided by average total assets. The higher ratio is preferable since it indicates that company is efficiently using its assets to generate sales. Here also W is better off from K as well as from the industry standards. Non-current asset ratio is similar only difference being here only the fixed assets is considered and not the total assets. This denotes how efficiently the company is utilizing its fixed asset in generating income for the financers. W has a ratio of 12 whereas Industry and K has 5.1 and 2.3 respectively (Cherneva, 2012). Thus in both the above ratios W is surpassing all other comparisons. (Asset turnover ratio) (Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio) Receivables collection period are the credit period allowed to debtors. The time period it takes to realize the sales amount in cash is known as receivable collection period. This period is preferred to be lower since the faster the collection is made the sooner the cash can be rolled back into the operating cycle. Here as per the given data W has the lowest collection period and thus it is preferable. (Accounts receivable Collection Period) Inventory holding period is the period which is required to sell the product to the consumers kept in stock. Like receivable collection period lower inventory holding period will shorten the days to complete one operating cycle and thus will allow Company grab more opportunities (Clift, 2011). Here also the holding period of W is lowest and thus it is in better position. (Average age of Inventory) In all the liquidity ratios such as current ratio, acid test ratio and debt equity ratio which is considered lower the better W is in better position thus we conclude that in almost all the ratios W is a better acquisition target. (Current Ratio) These ratios help us to analyze how the various areas are being covered under the ratios and how the decisions can be based on that ratios. Such as debt equity ratios helps us to measure the amount that the company uses as debt for financing the capital and the debt burden also for the company. The various other ratios shows how the company is liquid enough t pay off the debts and the liquidity structure of the company. The ROCE and ROE is one of the valuable measurements to measure the companys profitability ratio. By calculating the ROCE for both the companies W and K, it has been observed that the ROCE of W Company is 28 and the ROCE of K Company is 22 (Zhang et al., 2011). This shows that the profitability ratio of W Company is more than the K Company. So, acquiring W will be better for Chelsea to earn more profit from the market. The ROE of W Company is much better than K Company, so it would be better to acquire W by Chelsea Plc. So the Chelsea Plc Company should acquire the W Company to earn huge amounts of profit from market. If the company had more profitability ratio then the observation reflects that the company has more equity value as compared with the debt value of the company. It has been also found that the average borrowing rate is much less for the W Company (Glantz, 2014). So, the management of Chelsea Plc Company should merge with the W Company. 2. Final Decision cannot make only based on some ratios. Certain other aspects should be considering before deciding. These are as following in nature: Shares issued by the company Numbers of shares that are issues by the company to generate the funds for the operational activities of the company are mainly base on the final decision making strategies of the organization. Acquisition activities of the company Acquisition of a new or popular product in the company is also primary factors that are required to be considering during the final decision taken by the organization. The acquisition activities of the company are mainly base on the decision-making criteria of the particular organization. Research Activities Researches of several articles by independent analysts are also required and essential for the decision-making strategies of the organization are mainly base on the certain activities of the company is support the organization to take beneficial decision about the company. Borrowings of the company There are several debt amount which is taken by the company which is required to be settle after acquisition activity of company which is mainly based on the capabilities of the organization to fulfilled their organizational obligations which is based on the financial capabilities of the organization. Legal Obligations The legal obligations that are mainly base on the several activities of the company as per the pending legal obligations of the company. Moreover, those are required to sort out the company rules and policies measured by the company. There are certain value addition activities which are required for the decision making activities of the organization which is based on the maintaining the goodwill of the company. Human Resource Activities The decision-making activities of the company that is mainly based on the expenditures and the employees retrenchment activities that are mainly base on the certain activities of the organization as per the compatibility of the product line of the organization. Product price affordability The products price affordability of the company is base on the different purpose of the company decision-making activities of the organization. The decision-making strategies of the organization are mainly base on the several strategies follow by the organization. Mode of Payment The decision-making strategies of the company are mainly base on the several essential activities of the organization for choosing the proper mode of payment of the organization. this is the one of the most famous decision-making aspects of the organization in compare to the others aspects of the organization. Work Culture Environment The objectives behind the research on the work culture of the company are mainly base on the organizational decision and which is base on the certain activities of the company. The company is mainly depends upon the certain activities of the cultural factors of the company. Merger Activities The earnings after merger should evaluate to decide acquisition of the company is mainly support the company to take essential decisions about the organization about their financial and operational activities of the company (Gowthorpe, 2011). Task 2 1. As per the research of the Riverside Motorcycle Components Ltd. Company can provide some standard service which has been recently developed by them. For the service provision it requires special machinery which costs 100,000 with a residual value of 20,000 after 5 years. The companys cost of capital is 12% which can set as the benchmark to achieve this target at least to check the projects viability in some of the appraisal methods. We have been asked to prepare the annual cash flows each year given the data of estimated sales in units each year (Guiso and Rustichini, 2011). These cash flows are calculated by multiplying the contribution per unit amount with the units per year given. The following table shows the computation of annual cash flows each year: Annual Cash Flows Particulars Details Years 1 2 3 4 5 Units Sold - 5,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 5,000 Amount (in ) Annual Cash Inflow SP @ 12per unit 60,000 120,000 180,000 180,000 60,000 Annual Cash Outflow VC @ 8 per unit 40,000 80,000 120,000 120,000 40,000 Net Cash Flows - 20,000 40,000 60,000 60,000 20,000 2. The company requires us to compute the investment appraisal methods using different methods such as accounting rate of return, payback period, internal rate of return and net present value method. In the accounting rate of return method average accounting profit of all the years involved in the project is computed and then it is divided by the amount of initial investment resulting in a return percentage (Sagner, 2014). It is also called simple rate of return because it is easy to compute and also simple ratio. ARR is used in investment appraisal it helps in deciding whether the project is viable to adopt or not. The following steps show the computation of the ARR. Since this is rate of return therefore higher the return more viable is the project in this method. (Jan, 2013) Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) Step 1: Computing Annual Depreciation Initial Investment 100000 Salvage Value 20000 No of years 5 Annual Depreciation 16000 Step 2: Computing Average Accounting Profit Years Cash Flows Depreciation Accounting Profit 1 20,000 16,000 4,000 2 40,000 16,000 24,000 3 60,000 16,000 44,000 4 60,000 16,000 44,000 5 20,000 16,000 4,000 Total Accounting Profit 120,000 Salvage Value 20,000 Average Accounting Profit 28,000 Step 3: Computing Accounting Rate of Return Average Accounting Profit (in ) 28000 Initial Investment (in ) 100000 ARR (in %) 28 Particulars Years 0 1 2 3 4 5 Initial Investment (100,000) - - - - - Cash Flows - 20,000 40,000 60,000 60,000 20,000 Cumulative Cash Flows (100,000) (80,000) (40,000) 20,000 80,000 100,000 Fraction Calculations - n/m n/m 0.66666667 0.33333333 4 Payback Period (in yrs) 2.667 Payback period is the method which determines the time period in which the initial investment can be recovered resulting profits in further years. Here in the mentioned question the company has an initial investment of 100,000 which will be recovered in the next 5 years since the project lifetime is such. The payback period can be computed in many alternate ways but here we have calculated by using the excel formulae (Ramsden, 2011). After dividing the absolute value of the last cumulative negative cash flows with the cash flow of the first positive cumulative cash flows, we have added it to the number of years before the first positive cumulative cash flows (Harris, 2013). The following table shows the payback period computation with the help of excel formulae in the excel sheet. The worksheet has been attached. (Ajay, 2013) There are many investment appraisal methods but Net present value method is very prevalent and commonly used. It includes the effect of time value of money thus making the method more effective and appropriate for decision making. In the project the present values are computed by discounting the cash flows each year. The sum of these present values is subtracted with the initial investment to compute the net present value (Peterson, et al, 2012). If the NPV is positive then the project is viable and if it is negative it is not viable. Sometimes the salvage value is also given that gets realized at the end year of the project, in that case we add up the present value of the salvage value with the cash flows of that year and compute the NPV accordingly (Holton, 2012). The following table shows the computation of the NPV of the given problem with help of excel formulae. (NPV IRR, 2013) Particulars Discounting Rate 12% Years 0 1 2 3 4 5 Initial Investment (100,000) - - - - - Cash Flows - 20,000 40,000 60,000 60,000 20,000 Salvage Value - - - - - 20,000 Present Values (100,000) 17,857 31,888 42,707 38,131 22,697 NPV 53,280 Since the NPV is positive in the above calculation thus the project is viable for the company. Internal Rate of Return is the method which compares the inflows and the outflows making it equal. The discounting rate at which the inflow gets equal to outflow is the IRR. The project with the greater IRR should be selected since it is better to have higher IRR. The project is considered viable if the IRR is greater than the hurdle rate. The below table shows the IRR computation using the Excel formulae: (Formulae for calculating IRR in excel) Particulars Years 0 1 2 3 4 5 Cash Flows (100,000) 20,000 40,000 60,000 60,000 20,000 Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 27% Since the above IRR is greater than the companys hurdle rate of 12% we consider the project is viable. In the absence of further information we assume the companys cost o capital to be its hurdle rate for the IRR computation. (Formulae for computing NPV in Excel) From the above calculation, it has been observed that the company has invested 100,000 Pound in purchasing a new machine for their manufacturing process. In the first year, the management of the Riverside Motorcycle Components Ltd has a cash inflow around 17,857 Pounds in the first year. In the second year, the management of the firm has received a cash inflow of 31,888 Pounds from the machine installed for the production purpose. In the third year, the company has received around 42,707 Pounds and has a cash inflow of 38,131 Pounds and 22,697 Pounds in the fourth and fifth year respectively. It has been observed from the calculation that the total cash inflow from the machine is 153,280 Pounds in the last five years. The total net present value of the cash inflow is 53,280 Pounds (Media, 2012). As the net present value of the cash flow is positive, the management of the Riverside Motorcycle Components Ltd should invest in the machine to earn more profit. If we compare the NPV, IRR a nd ARR, it has been observed that the NPV is positive; IRR is more than the hurdle rate of the project (IMA., 2012). The ARR value is 28 % which is very healthy foer the investors to get back the money from the investment. It can be stated that the management of the company can invest in the machine. 3. Since as per the above calculations we get that all the methods give a positive indication towards the project thus the project is completely viable. In the ARR the rate of return earned is quite high i.e. 28%. Similarly in payback period method the years computed is 2.67 years for a five year project which is almost half the total time period which is a positive sign. The company will be able to recover its investment soon and invest in some other new project reaping only profits from this project in further years. The NPV and IRR are also giving good appraisal since the NPV is positive with the good margin and the IRR is greater than the double of the hurdle rate. Thus considering all of the above methods we advise the client to accept the project. Task 3 1. The bookkeeper of the Pedrosa Plc has fallen sick and the new staff is inexperienced. Therefore the directors of the company wishes if we can help them in anyways. It requires preparing a cash budget for the period of four months from the period Aug to Nov 14. Some information is provided to us by whom we will have to prepare the budget. There are sales and purchase value for the six months period is given. 40% of the total sales constitute cash sales which are realized immediately whereas 60% of the sales are credit sales with a one month credit period given to the debtors (Kimmel, et al, 2011). Similarly the suppliers also provide 1 month credit period which means this months purchase will be paid in the next month. The depreciation charge of 2,500 per month is non cash expenditure and thus will not be included in the cash budget. The following tables show the cash budget for four months and the appendix attached. Cash Budget For the period Aug '14 to Nov '14 Particulars Details August September October November (in ) (in ) (in ) (in ) Opening Cash balance given for Aug 15,400 37,240 43,390 48,930 Inflows Cash Sales Appendix 1 27,060 24,160 23,400 22,200 Collection from debtors Appendix 1 39,180 40,590 36,240 35,100 Rent Income Given 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 Total Inflows (A) 90,640 110,990 112,030 115,230 Outflows Payment to Suppliers Appendix 2 35,400 33,600 32,600 34,750 Wages Appendix 3 18,000 18,000 18,000 19,080 Dividend Given - 16000 - - Payment for Machinery Appendix 4 - - 12,500 6,250 Total Outflows (B) 53,400 67,600 63,100 60,080 Closing Balance (A-B) 37,240 43,390 48,930 55,150 Appendix 1 Sales Months Particulars Details July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Sales Volume given 65,300 67,650 60,400 58,500 55,500 64,600 Cash sales 40% of sales above 26,120 27,060 24,160 23,400 22,200 25,840 Credit Sales 60% of Sales 39,180 40,590 36,240 35,100 33,300 38,760 Collection From Debtors 1 month credit period - 39,180 40,590 36,240 35,100 33,300 Appendix 2 Purchases Months Particulars Details July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Purchase Amount given 35,400 33,600 32,600 34,750 35,650 35,600 Payment to suppliers 1 month credit period - 35,400 33,600 32,600 34,750 35,650 Appendix 3 Wages Months Particulars Details July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Wages 6% inc. from nov onwards 18,000 18,000 18,000 18,000 19,080 19,080 Appendix 4 Machinery Months Particulars Details July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Installments Payment 25% in Oct, rest in 6 months (Cost= 50,000) - - - 12,500 6,250 6,250 2. Budgeting is the process of managing and approximating the expenditure and the income. It is a plan prepared for future to keep a balance between the income and expense. Budgeting is also very vital in fulfilling the financial needs of the company as they have the plan at hand ready to work on different situations accordingly. Preparation of budgets such as cash budget, purchase budget, sales budget etc helps in proper evaluation of the companys performance. Any deviation from the budget will alert the management to take necessary actions and work accordingly. (What is Budgeting?) (Nordmeyer) There can be various ways to enhance the budgeting process. Not achieving it alerts the management and makes them pay more heed to such process. Corporate Performance Management (CPM) and Performance Based Budgeting (PBB) are the ways to enhance the budgeting process (Marney and Tarbert, 2011). The cost benefit analysis is significant in this budgeting process. Thus we conclude that for every organization preparing a budget is crucial part in its management process. (Performance Based Budgetting, 2015) Bibliography Accounts receivable Collection Period. (n.d.). Retrieved 2015, from Accounting Tools: https://www.accountingtools.com/receivables-collection-period Ajay. (2013, April 4). Calculating Payback period in Excel. Retrieved June 6, 2015, from Techtites: https://techtites.com/calculating-payback-period-in-excel/ Asset turnover ratio. (n.d.). Retrieved 2015, from my accounting course: https://www.myaccountingcourse.com/financial-ratios/asset-turnover-ratio Average age of Inventory. (n.d.). Retrieved 2015, from Investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/average-age-of-inventory.asp Current Ratio. (n.d.). Retrieved 2015, from My accounting course: https://www.myaccountingcourse.com/financial-ratios/current-ratio Debt-Equity Ratio. (n.d.). Retrieved 2015, from My accounting courses: https://www.myaccountingcourse.com/financial-ratios/debt-to-equity-ratio Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio. (n.d.). Retrieved 2015, from Investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fixed-asset-turnover.asp Formulae for calculating IRR in excel. (n.d.). Retrieved 2015, from Investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/022615/what-formula-calculating-internal-rate-return-irr-excel.asp Formulae for computing NPV in Excel. (n.d.). Retrieved 2015, from Investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/021115/what-formula-calculating-net-present-value-npv-excel.asp Gross Profit Ratio. (n.d.). Retrieved 2015, from Accounting Tools: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=129791 How to analyze acquisition? (n.d.). Retrieved 2015, from WikiHow: https://www.wikihow.com/Analyze-an-Acquisition Jan, I. (2013). ARR. Retrieved 2015, from Accounting Explained: https://accountingexplained.com/managerial/capital-budgeting/arr Net Profit Ratio. (n.d.). Retrieved 2015, from Accounting Tools: https://www.accountingtools.com/net-profit-ratio Nordmeyer, B. (n.d.). Why is Cash Budgeting important for the organization? Retrieved 2015, from azcentral: https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/cash-budgeting-important-organization-24074.html NPV IRR. (2013). Retrieved 2015, from Investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com/exam-guide/cfa-level-1/corporate-finance/npv-net-present-value-irr-internal-rate-of-return.asp Performance Based Budgetting. (2015, april 24). Retrieved june 2015, from wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance-based_budgeting Return On Capital Employed. (n.d.). Retrieved 2015, from My accounting courses: https://www.myaccountingcourse.com/financial-ratios/return-on-capital-employed Return on equity ratio. (n.d.). Retrieved 2015, from my accounting course: https://www.myaccountingcourse.com/financial-ratios/return-on-equity What is Budgeting? (n.d.). Retrieved 2015, from My money coach: https://www.mymoneycoach.ca/budgeting/what-is-a-budget-planning-forecasting

Prison Culture an Example by

Prison Culture by Expert Prof Nelly | 22 Dec 2016 It is commonly acknowledged that in prisons, inmates influence on one another deepens criminal behavior that is already present. Inmates begin to learn the criminal ideology of the correctional facility. Generally, they also develop new habits of dressing, sleeping, eating. They develop a new language and become dependent upon others for food, work assignments, and protection. Further on, inmates without allies can find their time difficult. In order to better ensure self-protection, then, it is only natural that an inpidual inmate turns toward a gang affiliation, even within a context of zero tolerance of gang formation by institutional policy. Need essay sample on "Prison Culture" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Even within the restricted confines of a prison, gangs may have as much influence as they would normally have on streets. All such close-knit interactions between inmates and group dynamics inside a prison create and reinforce a distinct prison subculture. There develops a general culture of the penitentiary, in terms of folkways, mores, customs, as well as language (Hensley 2002). Language is normally very closely associated with culture. In prisons, the fact that inmates have a language to relate to the experiences of their daily life inside, with gangs communicating in a lingo interlaced with special terminologies, reflects the extent of prevalence and influence of prison culture upon inmates. A prison culture helps create a sense of identity, encourages a set of expected behaviors, and promotes distinct goals in the actions of those people who are incarcerated (Huft, Kite 2003). The prison culture, in effect, becomes a synthetic culture bringing together people from various criminal backgrounds, levels of education, cultures and ethnicities to share a new set of values and attitudes that would better suit the conditions of the prison. Any culture in normal human society consists of distinctive characteristics in regard to values and norms, beliefs and attitudes of the people that constitute it; a culture also covers such perse areas as relationships, communication and language, sense of self and space, appearance and dress, work habits and practices, and food and eating habits of the people, in short it creates a special mould for the entire lifestyle of a people making up a community. Prison cultures, even within often their highly abnormal settings, mirror cultures of normal societies in terms their wide-ranging influence on the thoughts and behavior of people. However, when compared to cultural patterns in normal societies, the cultural norms within prison societies appear highly skewed and understandably so, given the overly oppressive, dangerous and debilitating environment of a typical large-scale prison. There is a marked tendency for prison cultures to value order and obedience, power over the weak or disenfranchised, and strict adherence to policies and procedures. Such authoritative and fascist regime is almost inevitable in view of criminal psychology that understands only the language of power and not that of fairness and equality. As a consequence, many prisons are characterized by a culture of fear. Further, minorities are often over-represented in prison, and such a situation can lead to an overt manifestation of racism and sexism from the side of prison staff as well as bullies in the dominant group of a prison. Often, drugs and alcohol would have affected a very high percent of inmates in their former lives, and prisons normally encourage this tendency by making way for widespread use of drugs. Physical and mental abuse in various senses of the word would also be a common and fairly accepted practice among offenders inside a prision. Prison is a place that is concerned with the issue of security over and above anything else, in order to see that offenders do not escape or commit more atrocities within the prison; as a result, prison culture reflects this high orientation towards security, with inmates being kept excessively powerless so that they are forced to rely on correctional officers for too many number of reasons. Many adult offenders would have served considerable time in juvenile correctional facilities and thus been acculturated to the social and material conditions of prison. However, many other offenders would experience culture shock and psychological disorientation upon entering a prison community. The prison would seem a strange environment demanding considerable degree of adaptation. The new inmates would have to quickly learn to adhere to sets of formal and informal policies dictating every act of theirs from those concerning eating and sleeping to dressing and speaking and work schedules. It must be remembered that the new inmates would have hard time in adjusting to lack of privacy and isolation from family and social support systems. These freshly convicted offenders would soon grasp the peculiar vocabulary and gestures that would make them better fit in their new environment. They would quickly identify the power hierarchy within the offenders and within the staff, as well as in between the inmates and the staff. The ruthlessness and lack of mercy inside a prison must be stressed in this context. Offenders with physical or mental problems or other evident weaknesses would be extremely vulnerable for victimization. However, the common misery they experience, in terms of deprivation of goods and services, love and sexual relationships, and inpidual autonomy helps in forming a particularly strong bond among the inmates and therefore often a surprising unity characterizes prison culture. Since the 1970s, the United States has experienced the greatest increase in the number of new prisons. And it only seems to be accelerating every day. Currently the U.S. has a prison inmate rate of 724 for every 100,000 people of general population up from 505 in 1992 (Walmsley 2005). This increase basically reflects the change of emphasis of penal policy from one of rehabilitation to one of containment and incapacitation. There are several other factors such as citizens' greater fear of crime and an increase in media coverage and attention as crime has become a burning issue in our society, increased length and severity of new sentencing laws and guidelines, and war on drugs, which have aggravated the overcrowding situation inside the prisons. Overcrowding is becoming a fundamental characteristic of our prisons, and is making rehabilitation and moral upliftment of prisoners increasingly difficult; and instead is leading to deterioration of norms and values of inmates as well as the general environment inside the prison. Efforts to carry out educative and therapeutic work with offenders are often severely hindered by a range of problems associated with overcrowding excessive burdens made on prison staff, lack of oversight and lack of purposeful activity, in addition to the widespread availability and use of narcotic drugs. As it is, generally low levels of formal education, socially disadvantaged backgrounds, and a deficit in vocational skills in general characterize the prison population. Added to these, the overcrowding factor is making it difficult for prisoners to reform themselves to higher standards of culture and morality. Unfortunately, lack of any provision for effective rehabilitation in the prisons of modern day is an important cause for creating the overcrowding conditions inside the prison, and this overcrowding is in turn making it very difficult to effect rehabilitation schemes. Thus the situation is developing into a vicious circle, which is only likely to worsen in the future. Far from being conducive to the moral reform of the prisoners, our prisons have in effect become an expensive way of making bad people worse (Wilson 2006). This is a statement not just on prison culture but the general culture, or still the lack of it, in our modern civilized society. References: Hensley, C. 2002. Prison Sex: Practice and Policy. Boulder, Colarado : Lynne RiennerPublishers, Inc. Hufft, A, Winter 2003.Retrieved 2 October 2006 Walmsley, R. 2005. World Prison Population List. Sixth edition. International Centre for Prison Studies. King's College, London. Retrieved 2 October 2006 fromhttp://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/rel/icps/world-prison-population-list-2005.pdf. Wilson, D. 2006. Prisons and How to Get Rid of Them. Public Management and Policy Association. PMPA Review. May 2006. Vol 33. Retrieved 2 October 2006 from http://www.cipfa.org/pmpa/download/david_wilson_article_2006.pdf#search=%22penal%20policy%20incapacitation%22.